早期儒家的“和谐”观
程兆奇
作者简介：
男，1956年12月出生；2000年入上海社会科学院历史研究所；近年主要从事中国近、现代史研究。
内容提要：
本文通过《论》《孟》等早期儒家文献论述了儒家思想的和谐特色和儒家的和谐主张本身。认为儒家对人与天地万物的关系的思考，尤其是对人际关系常与变的思考有伴随人类社会的永久价值；认为儒家为人类规划的理想社会，在经过二十世纪各种实验的兴奋和沮丧，对结果公平、实质公平失去信心后，更显出了它的光彩。坚信如果人类有更高的自觉，迟早会体会到儒家的思考和主张比所有未行的设想和已行的制度――包括现在世界上声势最大的一人一票的票选体制――对未来和谐社会的贡献更大。
As is well known, Confucianism is characterized by its emphasis on “harmony.” How this idea is presented in early Confucian texts, and what it really means; these questions are that which are expounded in this article, according to which, the Confucian thinking on the relationship between mankind and all other things in the universe and especially the relationship among human beings are of eternal importance as long as there are human communities. It may be said that mankind in the twentieth century has lost its belief in equality, whether substantial or formal, as a result of a series of experiments, which were aimed at a utopian society and accompanied with much excitement at first but finally left with nothing but despair. Against this backdrop the idea of moral community espoused by Confucian thinkers becomes more and more enlightening. This author is convinced that if mankind has more self-consciousness earlier or later it will understand that the Confucian thinking is able to make more contributions to the future harmonious society than any other ideal or idea, including the most popular one in today’s world, namely, the one-person-one-vote system.
关键词：以人为本 顺乎人性 自我完善 推己及人 和谐 大同理想
